Method and apparatus for making tapered warp



Nov. 15, 1927.v

O. S. LAWTON METIiOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING TAPERED WARP Filed July 17, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet l java 72%;) 7* 18 I Qua/u Q5 Nov.'15, 1927. 1,648,905

7 o. s. LAWTON METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING TAPERED WARP Filed-July 17, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 15, 1927.

UNITED STATES OSCAR S. LAWTON, OF NEW BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO' PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR L. OLEARY, OF FAIRHAVEN, MASSACHUSETTS, AND ONE-THIRD TO. HAROLD W.-OLEARY, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING TAPERED WARP.

Application filed July 17, 1923.

This invention has for its object to provide a novel method of and apparatus for producing upon a tapered warp beam a novel tapered warp, in which the thickness of the mass of threads from one end of the warp to the other varies progressively in the same or substantially the same ratio as the diameters of the various sections of the warp beam vary, and in which the ratio between the thickness of the mass of threads at the opposite ends of the tapered warp is the same or substantially the same as the ratio between the ends of the warp beam, whereby the said tapered warp may be employed to produce a curvilinear fabric of a superior quality and having a smooth and uniform texture, in which the warp threads are under the same tension, are concentrically arranged, and are of definitely graduated lengths in which the correspondence in ratio is preserved.

These and other features of this invention will be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

Fig. 1 is a front end elevation of an apparatus with which the novel tapered warp may be produced;.

Fig. 2, a sectional view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3, a detail of a tapered warp pro duced with the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2; e h Fig. i, a detail of the tapered warp beam upon which the tapered warp shown in Fig. 3 is wound; p

Fig. 5 a diagrammatic View to illustrate the desired relation of the ratio of thethickness of the mass of threads in the tapered warp to theratio of the diameters of the tapered warp beam;

Fig. 6, an elevation of a modified form of fan reed.

. Fig. 7, a detail of a piece of curvilinear fabric in which the threads of the tapered warp are incorporated; and

Fig. 8, a diagrammatic view showing the concentric arrangement ofthe warp threads in the curvilinear fabric shown in Fig 7, also the definitely graduated lengths of the same corresponding in ratios to the diameters of the Various sections of the warp beam shown in Fig. 4.

7 Referring to the drawing, 10 represents a tapered Warpbeam mounted on a shaft 12 Serial No. 652,092.

which is rotated in any suitable manner and has cooperating with it a fan reed 13, for producing on the tapered beam 10 a tapered warp 14, see Fig. 3, in which the thickness of the mass of threads progresses from one end of the warp to the other in substantially the same ratio as the diameters of the various sections of the warp beam.

To this end, the fan reed 13 is secured to a frame capable of being tilted with relation to the tapered warp beam 10, by means of adjusting screws 16 extended through lugs 17 on the sides 18 of the said frame, which sides are provided with slots 19, through which are extended screws 38 which fasten the frame of the reed 13 in its adjusted position to a stationary support, shown as a cross bar 20, connecting uprights 21 attached to a suitable frame work 22.

'By manipulating the adjusting screws 16, the fan reed 13 may be tilted with relation to the warp beam to such an angle that with an even reeding of the threads in the dents of the reed (see Fig. 6) the thickness of the mass of threads on one side in relation to the thickness of the mass of threads on the opposite side of the tapered warp 14 wound upon the beam, will correspond in ratiothat the number of dents per inch on both sides of the reed on the plane of the; warp threads show the same ratio, to wit, 900 to 10.00. The proper angle to which the fan reed should be tilted maybe ascertained in other ways, as for instance, by ascertainlng that a uniform tension is maintained upon the threads at opposite ends of the warp beam in the winding operation, or by calipering the end diameters of the tapered warp as it is being wound to ascertain that they constantly show the desired ratio, or as shown in Fig. 1, by providing the warping machine or apparatus with rollers'4l2,

43, which cooperate with and bear upon the opposite ends of the tapered warp beam and are loosely mounted on levers 44, 45, pivoted to lugs or cars 46, 47, attached by screws 470 to the top cross bar 48 of the reed frame. The rollers 42, 43 are of differentdiameters, and the ratio between the diameters of the two rollers is the same as the ratio between the two ends of the warp beam 10. The rollers 42, 43 are operatively connected with counter mechanisms 51, 52, which serve to indicate the number of revolutions made by the rollers while the tapered warp 14 is being'wound upon the tapered warp beam 10. Variations in the counting mechanisms serve to notify the operator that the ratio between the two ends of the tapered warp is not being maintained, which enables him to rectify the same by tiltingthe fan reed by means of the adjust ing screws 16, as above described. When the fan reed is to be tilted, the screws 470 are first loosened to render the levers 44,- 45 capable of pivotal movement on the cross bar 48, and after the reed has been adjusted, the screws 47 O are set up with the rollers 42,

. 43 engaged with the tapered warp.

By means of the tiltable fan reed cooperating with the tapered warp beam 10, all of the warp threads which enter into the constructionof the curvilinear fabric a are placed on the tapered warp beam in a definite relation to each other so that a definite ratio between the number of threads per unit of traverse on the opposite ends or sides of the tapered warp beam is established at the reed to correspond with the ratio between the diameters of the tapered warp beam, whereby the tapered warp beam 10 with the tapered warp 14 thereon may be placed in a loom having a take-up roll whose diameters correspond in ratio to the diameters of the tapered warp beam, so that the warp threads can be fed into and out of the loom in the same definite relation as shown and described in another application Ser. No. 501,485 filed by me September 17 1921, now Patent q'r/rl,578,447, and of which this present application is a continuation as to all matter common to both.

In a tapered warp produced as above de scribed and such as is illustrated in Fig. 3, the length of the warp ends unwound at each revolution of the warp beam has the 7 same ratio, to wit, 900 to 1000, and the ratio of the length of threads wound upon the intermediate sections ofthe warp beam remains the same, and as a result, the tapered warp is especially useful in the weaving of the curvilinear fabric illustrated 1n F 1g. 7,

'in that all of the warp threads 6 are under the same tension, are of definitely graduated lengths and are concentrically arranged, whichresults in the production of a curvilinear fabric of superior quality having a smooth uniform texture. In Fig. 8, the warp threads I) of the fabric shown in Fig.

7 are shown separately to clearly illustrate their concentric arrangement.

It will be understood that it is not desired to limit the invention to the use of a warp beam having the ratio between its end diameters of 900 to 1000, and to a tapered warp whose thickness of the mass of threads at its opposite ends have the same ratios, as

warp beams whose ends have different ratios may be used equally as well, and the tapered warps wound thereon would have corre sponding ratios.

In order to obtain the same or substantially the same ratio in the tapered warp as in. the tapered warp beam upon which it is wound, there must be an increase'per unit of traverse in the number of warp threads from the small to the large end of thetapered warp, which increase is progressive, so that on each revolution of the tapered warp beam to unwind the warp, the ratio of the lengths of the warp threads is preserved throughout the length of the tapered warp. This result is obtained preferably as above described by means of the tilted fan reed, which ensures the warp threadsbeing distributed on the warp beam so as to place a greater number of warp threads per unit of traverse on the large end of the warp beam than on the small end thereof, so that, in building up the tapered warp, the large end will increase in thickness faster than the small end, and so that the increase in thickness will be progressive from the small to the large end of the tapered warp beam, with the result, that the ratio between the thickness of the mass of threads at the 0pposite ends of the tapered warp is the same as the ratio of the diameters at the corresponding ends of the warp beaml To illustrate, let it be supposed that the small end of the tapered warp beam is 1 in diameter and that the large end is 2 in diameter. To obtain and, maintain the same ratios in a tapered warp wound thereon, the warp threads are distributed so that the thickness of the mass of threadsincreases from the small end to the large end,.and let it be supposed that the warp threads wound on the small end are 1 in thickness, then in such case the mass of threads wound upon the large end must be 2" in order to obtain and maintain theratio desired. This is illustrated in Fig. 5..

It will be seen that in the case just supposed the diameter of the small endof the combined warp beam and warp is 3", and that of the large end is 6, making a ratio of 1 to 2, and also that the thickness-0f the small end of the tapered warp isl and for then the diameter of the small end of the combined beam and warp would be 3 and that of the large end would be 4", which is not the ratio desired, for it will be evident that an even winding of the warp on the tapered warp beam will cause a constantly changing ratio between the ends, and consequently between the lengths of the threads unwound at each revolution of the warp beam a result which is not desired; whereas with the improved tapered warp herein described and such as illustrated in Fig. 5, these ratios are always constant and necessary to produce the improved curvilinear fabric desired and herein illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 in which the warp threads are un der the same tension; are concentrically arranged; and are of definitely graduated lengths in which the ratio which exists in the tapered warp is preserved.

Claims:

1. In a warping machine, the combination with a tapered warp beam, of a tiltable fan reed cooperating therewith to produce there- I on a tapered warp whose thickness of the mass of threads varies progressively from one end of the tapered warp toward the other in the same or substantially. the same ratio as the diameters of the corresponding sections of the warp beam vary.

2. In a warping machine, the combination with a tapered warp beam, of means cooperating therewith to produce thereon a. tapered warp whose thickness of the mass of threads varies progressively from one end of the tapered warp toward the other in the same or substantially the same ratio as the diameters of the corresponding sections of the warp beam vary.

ing mechanism operatively connected with said rollers.

4. The method of making tapered warps,

which consists in winding warp threads upon a tapered warp beam so that the ratio between the thickness of the mass of threads at the opposite ends of the tapered warp is substantially the same as the ratio between the diameter of opposite ends of the tapered warp beam.

v5. The method of making tapered warps, which consists in winding a greater number of warp threads upon the large end of a tapered warp beam than upon the small end thereof and the thickness of the mass of threads varies in the same proportion as the corresponding beam diameter varies, whereby a tapered warpis produced in which the thickness of the mass of threads on one side of the center of the tapered warp on said beam corresponds in ratio to the thickness of the mass of threads on the opposite side of the center of the tapered warp directly with the ratio of diameters of the warp beam on opposite sides of said center.

6. The method of making tapered warps, which consists in winding warp threads upon a tapered warp beam and progressively increasing the number of threads from the small end to the large end of said tapered beam until the ratio between the thickness of the mass of threads at the opposite ends of the tapered warp is the same or substantially the same as the ratio between the diameters of the opposite ends of the warp beam.

7. A tapered warp beam having thereon a tapered warp whose mass of threads increases progressively in thickness from the small to the large end thereof in substantially the same ratios as the diameters of the tapered beam increase from the small to the large end thereof.

8. A tapered warp beam having thereon a tapered warp whose mass of threads progressively varies in thickness so that the ratio between the lengths of the threads unwound at each revolution of the warp beam remains constant.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

OSCAR S. LAWTON. 

